BRCA1 (BReast CAncer gene 1) and BRCA2 (BReast CAncer gene 2) are genes that play a role in the repair of DNA and the prevention of cancer. Both genes help to prevent the development of cancer by repairing damaged DNA and regulating cell growth. However, certain mutations (changes) in these genes can increase a person’s risk of developing breast, ovarian, and other types of cancer.
While BRCA1 and BRCA2 are both associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer, there are some differences between the two genes. For example:
- Risk of cancer: BRCA1 mutations are more commonly associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, while BRCA2 mutations are more commonly associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. However, both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations can increase the risk of other types of cancer, including pancreatic and prostate cancer.
- Inheritance: Both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are inherited, which means they are passed down from one generation to the next. People who have a family history of breast, ovarian, or other types of cancer may be at an increased risk of carrying a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation.
- Testing: Testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations is usually done through a blood test or a saliva test. Results can help determine a person’s risk of developing cancer and guide their cancer prevention and screening strategies.
It is important to note that not everyone who carries a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation will develop cancer. There are many other factors that can influence a person’s risk of cancer, including their age, lifestyle, and overall health. If you have concerns about your risk of breast, ovarian, or other types of cancer, it is important to speak with a healthcare professional. They can help determine if testing for BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations is appropriate for you and discuss your options for cancer prevention and screening.